Wide-leaf Warea / Center For Plant Conservation
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Plant Profile

Wide-leaf Warea (Warea amplexifolia)

Flowers of this species are typically about 1/2 inch wide, with four paddle-shaped petals. Photo Credit: Kay Maddox
  • Global Rank: G1 - Critically Imperiled
  • Legal Status: Federally Endangered
  • Family: Brassicaceae
  • State: FL
  • Nature Serve ID: 137486
  • Lifeform: Forb/herb
  • Date Inducted in National Collection: 04/04/1991
Description:

Warea amplexifolia is also known as 'clasping warea' or 'wide-leaf warea'. Clasping warea is an erect annual herb in the mustard family. These plants grow from 30 to 100 cm tall. The stalk may be unbranched, or often branching midway up the stem. The leaves of a young plant are slightly folded along the midrib, tipped upward, and the lobes at the base of the leaves reach around the stem. This characteristic led to the common name of clasping warea, and it can be used in field identification even when the plants are not in flower (USFWS 1999). The flowers of this summer annual herb are showy and are borne in small, rounded, puff-like clusters at the ends of the branches. Each flower has four pale purple petals with a rounded upper portion and an elongated stalk-like lower portion (USFWS 1991). The fruit is very distinctive, and helps to readily identify the plant. As the stalks turn brown and the leaves whither, the seeds are found in clusters of narrow down-curving seed pods, from 5 to 7 cm long. The pods split longitudinally, with small black seeds (USFWS 1999).

Where is Wide-leaf Warea (Warea amplexifolia) located in the wild?

Habitat:

Clasping warea is endemic to high pine (or sandhill) habitat, and is limited to dry, open woodlands. In this habitat, there is a relatively high diversity of herbaceous ground cover, especially wiregrass (USFWS 1999). This habitat is found on the Lake Wales Ridge, an elongated area of raised and usually dry soils, with elevations up to about 300 feet. The ridge extends from Central Highlands County northward, gradually disappearing in southern Marion County (USFWS 1999).

Distribution:

The present distribution of W. amplexifoila includes Lake, Polk, and Osceola counties. It is believed that at one time clasping warea's range included Lake County, western Orange County, extreme nort

States & Provinces:

Wide-leaf Warea can be found in Florida

Which CPC Partners conserve Wide-leaf Warea (Warea amplexifolia)?

CPC's Plant Sponsorship Program provides long term stewardship of rare plants in our National Collection. We are so grateful for all our donors who have made the Plant Sponsorship Program so successful. We are in the process of acknowledging all our wonderful plant sponsorship donors on our website. This is a work in progress and will be updated regularly.

Conservation Actions

Tina Stanley
  • 05/11/2023
  • Orthodox Seed Banking

According to a March 2023 extract of the Florida Plant Rescue Database, Bok Tower Gardens holds 37 accessions of Warea amplexifolia totalling approximately 396497 seeds representing at least 9 maternal lines.

Tina Stanley
  • 07/28/2022
  • Seed Collection

Clasping warea (Warea amplexifolia) (Nutt.)Nutt. is a federally endangered and annual herb in Brassicaceae.  W. amplexifolia is a Florida endemic that occurs in sandhill habitat along the northern half of the Lake Wales Ridge, an ancient sand dune that runs about 150 miles north to south in the center of the Florida peninsula. Sandhill habitat and its species have experienced a steep range-wide decline due to urban land conversion.

Bok Tower Gardens (BTG) has worked for decades to preserve the remaining populations of W. amplexifolia and introduce new populations.  Conservation efforts have included seed collecting for long-term storage, seed biology research and plant propagation,  population genetic studies, and habitat restoration. For or the CPC’s IMLS seed longevity project, an admixture of regional germplasm in proximity to the source site for the ‘original’ collection was collected. Genetic data to date suggests historical gene flow across the range of this species, with some isolation by geographic distance.  Regional germplasm for the IMLS project appear to share alleles, making the ‘original’ and ‘new’ collections comparable. Data from the IMLS project from this collection should provide meaningful data regarding seed longevity in W. amplexifolia.

Center for Plant Conservation
  • 08/20/2021
  • Orthodox Seed Banking

In 2021, CPC contracted Bok Tower Gardens to recollect seed from a population currently held in long term orthodox seed storage as part of an IMLS-funded seed longevity experiment. The National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation will evaluate how germination tested viability and RNA Integrity of seed lots decline over time in storage.

  • 10/17/2020
  • Propagation Research

Historic Bok Sanctuary (formerly Bok Tower Gardens) has researched methods for propagating clasping warea. They have learned that direct seeding in the field is more effective than propagating under greenhouse conditions. When planted out, the greenhouse-grown plants died before flowering due to the destructive action of leaf minors, fungus, and unknown causes (USFWS 1999).

  • 10/17/2020
  • Reintroduction

In Spring of 2017, Bok Tower Gardens conducted augmentation projects at Mount Lake Estates and Lake Louisa Estate Park. A total number of 418 Warea amplexifolia plants (along with various native species) were introduced at Mount Lake Estates with a survival number of 15 Warea amplexifolia plants culminating in a 3.6% survival. A total number of 441 Warea amplexifolia plants were introduced at Lake Louisa Estate Park with a survival number of 149 Warea amplexifolia plants culminating in a 33.8% survival. The current hypotheses for the variance between the two sites is that it was a bad Warea year due to drought and Warea amplexifolia establishes better under an existing canopy with existing ground cover. Mount Lake Estates was left in a barren condition in 2016 versus Lake Louisa Estate Park which benefited from an existing overstory and ground cover. (Gonsiska et al. 2018). Historic Bok Sanctuary (formerly Bok Tower Gardens) has researched methods for propagating clasping warea. They have learned that direct seeding in the field is more effective than propagating under greenhouse conditions. When planted out, the greenhouse-grown plants died before flowering due to the destructive action of leaf minors, fungus, and unknown causes (USFWS 1999).

Elvia Ryan
  • 07/20/2018

In Spring of 2017, Bok Tower Gardens conducted augmentation projects at Mount Lake Estates and Lake Louisa Estate Park. A total number of 418 Warea amplexifolia plants (along with various native species) were introduced at Mount Lake Estates with a survival number of 15 Warea amplexifolia plants culminating in a 3.6% survival. A total number of 441 Warea amplexifolia plants were introduced at Lake Louisa Estate Park with a survival number of 149 Warea amplexifolia plants culminating in a 33.8% survival. The current hypotheses for the variance between the two sites is that it was a bad Warea year due to drought and Warea amplexifolia establishes better under an existing canopy with existing ground cover. Mount Lake Estates was left in a barren condition in 2016 versus Lake Louisa Estate Park which benefited from an existing overstory and ground cover. (Gonsiska et al. 2018)

Elvia Ryan
  • 07/20/2018

In 2016, Bok Tower Gardens conducted a habitat restoration project in Mount Lake Estates which was overgrown with invasive species, various species of oak, and minimal ground cover.  Parts of the site were cleared and burned leaving a barren terrain. (Gonsiska et al. 2018)

Nature Serve Biotics
  • 05/02/2017

There are few known occurrences and very little habitat remaining. The Florida Natural Areas Inventory's database contains 20 occurrence records, from Lake, Polk, Osceola, and Orange counties, Florida. Existing populations are threatened by development pressures for citrus and housing and by fire suppression.

S.K. Maddox
  • 01/01/2010

Loss of habitat to development and mining. Exclusion of Fire.

S.K. Maddox
  • 01/01/2010

There have been more than 20 sites discovered, but several have recently been destroyed and most are threatened by development and lack of fire (FNAI 2000).

S.K. Maddox
  • 01/01/2010

Historic Bok Sanctuary (formerly Bok Tower Gardens) has researched methods for propagating clasping warea. They have learned that direct seeding in the field is more effective than propagating under greenhouse conditions. When planted out, the greenhouse-grown plants died before flowering due to the destructive action of leaf minors, fungus, and unknown causes (USFWS 1999).

S.K. Maddox
  • 01/01/2010

The Nature Conservancy, Lake Wales Ridge Office, currently manages, including prescribed burns, lands that include sites for Warea amplexifolia. At Lake Griffin State Recreation Area, exotic pest plants, as well as oaks are treated for removal to open up the sand areas. At the Mountain Lake site near Bok Tower Gardens, the residents have formed a conservation committee that may provide an opportunity to establish a cooperative agreement for management of the remnant high pine habitat on private property (USFWS 1999).

S.K. Maddox
  • 01/01/2010

Field experiments to determine the influence of wiregrass on the fire ecology of W. amplexifolia. Protect privately owned sandhills by purchase or conservation easement. Manage sites with fire and monitor its effects on clasping warea. Eradicate exotic pest species. Establish new populations in conservation areas. (USFWS 1999).

S.K. Maddox
  • 01/01/2010

Conserve germplasm. Maintain national collection. (USFWS. 1999)

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Nomenclature
Taxon Warea amplexifolia
Authority (Nutt.) Nutt.
Family Brassicaceae
CPC Number 4409
ITIS 23435
USDA WAAM
Duration Annual
Common Names clasping warea | wide-leaf Warea | wideleaf pinelandcress
Associated Scientific Names Warea amplexifolia | Warea auriculata | Stanleya amplexifolia
Distribution The present distribution of W. amplexifoila includes Lake, Polk, and Osceola counties. It is believed that at one time clasping warea's range included Lake County, western Orange County, extreme nort
State Rank
State State Rank
Florida S1
Ecological Relationships

Photos
Videos
Newsletters
Pollinators
Common Name Name in Text Association Type Source InteractionID
Bees
Bees Floral Visitor Link
Butterflies & Moths
Swallowtails Zebra Swallowtail Butterflies Floral Visitor Link
Moths Floral Visitor Link
Skippers Duskywing Skipper Nectar Robber Link
Flies
Small flies Floral Visitor Link
Other
Hymenoptera Confirmed Pollinator Link
Lepidoptera Confirmed Pollinator Link
Ants Floral Visitor Link
Wasps Floral Visitor Link
Reintroduction
Lead Institution State Reintroduction Type Year of First Outplanting
Bok Tower Gardens Florida Reintroduction
Bok Tower Gardens Florida Reintroduction
Bok Tower Gardens Florida Reintroduction 2011+2012+2013
Florida Native Plant Society Florida Reintroduction 2013
Bok Tower Gardens Florida Reintroduction 2014
Bok Tower Gardens Florida Reintroduction 2016+2017+2018+2019+2020+2021

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